M.D. IN HOMOEOPATHY

M.D. IN HOMOEOPATHY

Paper - Ist : THE MAN IN HEALTH (HOLISTIC CONCEPTS)
1. Anatomy: Brief & gross aspects only and not the minute details.
2. Physiology : Brief & gross aspects only and not the minute details
3. Man in Health details :-
- Definition of Health - WHO
- Family influence on Health -
- Emotional expressions
- Environmental health Social, Cultural, Economic, Ethnic, Structural
- Gender Issue and woman's Health
- The Health active process - approach - Different preventive Measures taken to
keep good Health.
- Positive Health
- Health a Relative Concept
- Spectrum of Health
- Determinates of Health : i) Heredity ii) Environment iii) Lifestyle iv) Socioeconomic
conditions v) Health services vi) Other factors
4. Biochemistry and Biophysics
Nutrition : - Energy requirement of body, principles of nutrition (constituent of normal
diet, nutritional requirement of specific group)
Vitamins and deficiency disorders.
Biophysics and Biochemistry of respiration : - Pulmonary ventilation, physical
principals of gaseous exchange- Diffusion of O2 and CO2 through respiratory
membrane. Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood and body Fluid.
Biophysics and Biochemistry of circulations :- cardiac cycle and biophysical
principal in circulation, vascular system flow and dynamic, blood gas measurements
oxygen carriage and dissociation.
Biophysics and Biochemistry of Muscles and Bio Chemical analysis of Nerve tissue :
Membrane potentials, Action potentials, Excitation, Nerve properties and biophysics
of conduction.
5. A pplied Psychology :
1. Human development :- Infancy to old age, child development and
factors influencing psychological development of child.
Ageing- natural psychological changes, social aspects
2. Human information processing : Attention and perception,
Perceptual processing, pathology of perception, perceptual learning,
memory, cognition, cognative behavior,
3. Reflexes, instincts and their control
4. Thinking and decision making and its direction
5. Physiological basis of behavior and psychological functions: -
Applied anatomy and Physiology of CNS, specially on brain, study of
parasympathetic and autonomous nervous system, Brain
Mechanism and Behavior, sleep
6. Emotions and the psychobiological basis
7. Emotional blocks and the dynamic
8. Will and motivation
9. Stress emotion and illness
10.Response to stress
11.Learning mechanism and the management
12.Personality and the clinical approach, measurement of personality
13.Social forces and the impact on behavior
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6. Integration - psycho-bio-social concept of man
Spiritual-psychological concept as elicited by Hahnemann and Physicians of the
Homoeopathic School.
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P aper - II n d :
THE MAN IN Diseases (Holistic concepts)
1. Knowledge of applied Anatomy for diagnosis of clinical conditions
2. Knowledge of applied Physiology for differential diagnosis of clinical conditions,
3. Disease
1. Germ theory of diseases
2. Epidemiology triad
3. Multifactorial causation
4. Ways of causation
4. Natural History of disease
1. Prepathogensis phase
2. Pathogenesis phase
3. Agents factors - Biological, Nutrient, Physical, Chemical, Mechanical, Absence or
insufficiency or excess of factors, social agents
4. Host Factors (intrinsic)
5. Environmental factors (extrinsic) - physical, biological, Psychosocial environments
6. Risk Factors
7. Risk Groups
8. Spectrum of Disease
5. Pathology (structural alteration in diseases)
1. Concepts of Aetiology and Aetiopathogenesis,
2. Influence of heredity
3. Inflammation and repair
4. Immunology :- hypersensitive and auto immune diseases
5. Ischaemia, Necrosis and Gangrene
6. Degeneration, Amyloidosis, Calcification
7. Physical and chemical agents and injuries
8. Infections- general principles
9. Radiations
10.Nutritional deficiencies and excess like Hyperlipidimia
11.Pigmentation and Depigmentations
12. Tumour : Benign and malignant
6. Patho physiology (functional alteration in disease)
1. Patho physiology of all systemic diseases
7. Bacteriology and virology
1. General consideration of bacteriology and virology
2. Emphasis on patho genesis and host response, lab diagnosis and epidemology
and control measures to stop the spread of infections.
3. Study of viruses: study of viruses and pathogencity, diseases, lab diagnosis
8. Parasitology
General consideration
1. Taxonomy and classification
2. Host-Parasite relationship
3. Clinical manifestation
4. Immunological aspects
5. Prevalence and transmission of parasites infestation
6. Lab diagnosis
7. All the leading parasitic infestations should be dealt with the above detailed
methodology
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9. Clinical laboratory investigations - related to
1. Haematology
2. Clinical Biochemistry to investigate the functioning of different organ, system
3. Bacteriology
4. Parasitology
5. Immunology
10. Clinical investigations :
1. Non Invasive techniques : A) a) Radioimaging- radiology b) Ultra sounds -
USG, c) 2-D,Echo d) Color Doppler e) CT' Scan
f) MRI g) Nuclear Isotope scanning
B) Electro Investigations :- a) ECG & stress
testing. b) EEG c) Nerve conduction studies
d) EMG
C) Nuclear Scanning
2. Invasive Techniques - Scopies
11. Abnormal Psychology
a. Behaviour - normal and abnormal- general considerations
b. Casual factors in psychology disorders - natures v/s nature controversy
c. Nature of stress and stress factor- Methods of coping and decomposition
d. Patterns of abnormal behaviour - acute stress disorder, adjustment
disorders and common life stresses
e. General psychological factors as determinants as physical illness-health
attitudes and coping resources, autonomic reflexes and tissue damage,
psychological factors in specific disease processes
f. Substance Disorders-their physical manifestation and special care
g. Sexual Dysfunction as a reflection of disorders relationship
h. Brain disorders and cognitive impairment
12. study of Miasmatic background of disease and its correlations :
1. Clinico- pathological correlation that have made miasmatic theory applicable at
bedside study. Details views of Hahenemann Roberts , Ortega, Kanjilal and
Dhawale about miasmatic theory)
2. Understanding of susceptibility of man in health and disease.
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P aper - III r d :
History of medicine, scientific Methodology
(Including Research Methodology and statistics)
History of Medicine
The Dawn of Medicine : Medicine in prehistoric times, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Origin
of Greek medicine Hippocratic Practice, Aristotle
The Heirs of Greece : The Alexandrian school, Medical Teaching in the roman empire Galen,
the final medical synthesis's of Antiquity
The Middle ages :- Byzantine Medicine, The Period of depression in Europe,
Arabic medicine. The medieval awaking the universities, Medieval anatomy, surgery and
internal medicine, Medival hospitals and hygiene
The Rebirth of Science The anatomical awakenings concepts of diseases the rise of internal
medicine, the revival of physiology, Microscopically examination of the animal body
The period of consolidation: the Reign of law. The rise of clinical teaching, Anatomy and the
Edinburgh school, physiology Morbid anatomy becomes a science surgery and obstetrics. The
beginnings of the science of vital statistics. The industrial revolution, communicable disease and
hygiene control and recognition of epidemic disease.
Period of scientific subdivision : Origins and implications of scientific specialization. The
revolution in preventive medicine, Johannes Muller, the work of Claude Bernard, The work of
Karl Ludwig. Later Physiological investigators : Respiration, circulation, The blood,
Biochemistry. The cell theory, Establishment of the doctrine of the germ origin of disease.
Anesthesia. The revolution in surgery bacteriology becomes a scrence the study of immunity.
The changes view of insanity. The development of modern pathology. The rise of pediatrics the
teeth and their disease, the history of the Pharmacopoeias. Content of a modern
pharmacopoeia. Active principals alkaloids and glycosides, Pharmacology the scientific
investigations of drug action.
Evolution of Medicine : special emphasis on Hahnemann's contribution to medicine
Origin and Development of homoeopathy as science in world. Contribution of various leaders to
the homoeopathy
Origin and Development of homoeopathy in India and Maharashtra.
Research Methodology and statistics
Basic knowledge of medical statistics
Nature of classification of research work in homoeopathy with the help of recent advance
in statistics.
Explanatory research work/confirmatory research work/experimental research work.
Research Methodology
Choosing the statistical methods
Clinical measurement
Morality statistics and population structure
Multi fractional methods
Determination of sample size
Research Methods :- Methodological problems of clinical research specific of
homoeopathy study protocol selection of research topics. Types of research and their
requirement the art of scientific research, the anatomy and physiology of clinical
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research. writing and funding a research proposal controlled clinical trials in
Homoeopathy.
Statistics
Introduction to Biostatics including definition and scope
Uses, Merits & Demerits
The design of experiments
Sampling and observational studies
Data Collection
Summarizing
Presenting data
Probability
Frequency Distribution
The Normal distribution and Estimations
Possion Binomial Distribution
Mean, Median, Mode, Comparing the mean of small samples (std error of mean)
Confidence Limit
Data tabular presentation, pictogram
Graphical Presentation
Significance test
Measure of variance - range, interquartral range, Average Deviation, Standard Deviation
analysis of variance coefficient of variance
Regression and correlation
Method based on Rank order :- Non-parameter methods, The Mann-Whitney U test. The
Wilcoxon matched pair test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, P, Kendall's rank
correlated coefficients, t, continuity correlation parameteric of non parametric methods.
The Analysis of cross tabulations : the Chi-square test
‘Z' Text. ‘F' Test. ‘t' test - paired and unpaired.