Course programme
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY THEORY AND TECHNIQUES MPES 101 UNIT – I Research: Definition – Importance and Meaning of research – Characteristics of research – Types of Research – Steps in research – Identification, Selection and formulation of research problem – Research questions – Research design – Formulation of HypoDissertation – Review of Literature. UNIT – II Sampling techniques: Sampling theory – types of sampling – Steps in sampling – Sampling and Non-sampling error – Sample size – Advantages and limitations of sampling. Collection of Data : Primary Data – Meaning – Data Collection methods – Secondary data – Meaning – Relevances, limitations and cautions. UNIT – III Statistics in Research: Measure of Central tendency – Dispersion – Skewness and Kurtosis in research. HypoDissertation – Fundamentals of HypoDissertation testing – Standard Error – Point and Interval estimates – Important Non-Parametric tests : Sign, Run, Kruskal – Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney test. UNIT – IV Para metric tests: Testing of significance – mean, Proportion, Variance and Correlation – testing for Significance of difference between means, proportions, variances and correlation coefficient. Chi-square tests – ANOVA – One-way and Two-way UNIT – V Research Report: Types of reports – contents – styles of reporting – Steps in drafting reports – Editing the final draft – Evaluating the final draft. Reference Books: 1. Statistical Methods S.P. Gupta 2. Research Methodology Methods and Techniques C.R. Kothari 3. Statistics (Theory and Practice) B.N. Gupta 4. Research Methodology Methods and Statistical Techniques Santosh Gupta CURRENT ISSUES IN THE ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION CONTROL MPES 102 UNIT – I Fundamentals of environmental science: Definition – Principles & Scope of Environmental Science. Earth – Man & Environment – Ecosystems – pathways in Ecosystems. Physico – Chemical & Biological factors in the environment, Structure & composition of atmosphere – hydrosphere, lithosphere & biosphere, Natural resources – conservation – sustainable development, UNIT – II Environmental chemistry: Chemical composition of air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter, Thermochemical & photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, Oxygen & ozone depletion , photochemical smog. Water chemistry: chemistry of water, concept of DO, BOD, COD, Sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, Redex potential. Toxic chemicals in the environment air & H2O: Pesticides in H2O, Biochemical aspects of Arsenic, cadmium, Mercury, carbonmonoxide, O3, carcinogens in the air UNIT – III Environmental biology: Definition, Principles & Scope of ecology, Evolution, origin of life & Speciation, Ecosystems: Structure & functions, abiotic & Biotic components, Energy flow, food chains, food web & Ecological pyramid, Common flora & fauna in India: (i) Aquatic: Phytoplankton, Zooplankton & Macxophytes. (ii) Terrestrial: Forests. Endangered & Threatened species, UNIT – IV Environmental pollution & control: Air: Natural & anthropogenic sources of pollution, primary & Secondary ppllutants, Effects of pollutants on human beings, plants, animals, materials & on climate, Methods of monitoring & control of air pollution. Water: Types, sources of H2O pollution, physico-chemical & bacteriological sampling & analysis of H2O quality, water borne diseases, Waste water treatment & recycling. Noise: Sources of noise pollution, Measurment of noise & indices, Noise exposure levels & standards, Noise control & abatement measures, Impact of noise on human health. Maxine: Sources of marine pollution & control, Radioactive & Thermal Pollution UNIT – V Environmental management, laws & policies: Sources & generation of solid wastes, Different methods of disposal & management of solid wastes (Hospital wastes & Hazardous wastes), Environmental Policy Resolution, Legislation, Wildlife prediction Act, 1972 amended in 1991, Forest conservation Ac6t, 1980, Air (Prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1981. The water (Prevention & control of pollution) Act 1974. UNIT – VI Current issues & problems in environment: Environmental education & Awareness. Global Environmental Problems – Ozone depletion, global warming & climatic change. Rain water Harvesting. Waste Lands & their reclamation, Epidemiological issues (Goitre, Fluorosis, Arsenic), Bio-diversity conservation & Agenda-21 Reference Books: 1. Sharma, P.D. Ecology & Environment – Meerut: Rastogi Publications, Meerut, 1990. 2. Manivasakam, “Environmental Pollution”, New Delhi, Natural Book Trust of India, 1984. 3. Dara. S.S. - Text Book of Environmental chemistry & Pollution control. S.Chand & Company. 4. Sharma. B.K. – Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publishing House 5. Biswarup Mukerjee -- Environmental Biology.