In medicine, dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure.[1] Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure) or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function—a state known as chronic kidney disease stage 5 (previously chronic kidney failure or end-stage renal disease). The latter form may develop over months or years, but in contrast to acute kidney injury is not usually reversible and dialysis is regarded as a "holding measure" until a kidney transplant can be performed or sometimes as the only supportive measure in those for whom a transplant would be inappropriate
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About this course
GRADUATE
GRADUATE
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Subjects
Technology
Classification
Names of bone cells
Parts of long bone
Microscopy of compact bone
Names of all bones
Vertebral column
Intervertebral disc
Names of regional lymphatics
Axillary and inguinal lymph nodes in brief
Teachers and trainers (1)
SNEHA SHARMA
COUNSELOR
Course programme
11. Pass criteria 11.1. First year examination. a. Main Subjects: A candidate is declared to have passed in a subject, if he/she secures, 50% of marks in University Theory exam and internal assessment added together. b. Subsidiary Subjects: The minimum prescribed marks for a pass in subsidiary subject shall be 35% of the maximum marks prescribed for a subject. The marks obtained in the subsidiary subjects shall be communicated to the University before the Commencement of the University examination. 11.2. Second and Third year Examination a. Main Subjects: A candidate is declared to have passed the Examination in a subject if he/she secures 50% of the marks in theory and 50% in practical separately. For a pass in theory, a candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the University conducted written examination, and 50% in aggregate in the University conducted written examination, internal assessment and Viva-Voce added together and for pass in Practical, a candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the university conducted Practical/Clinical examination and 50% in aggregate i.e. University conducted Practical/Clinical and Internal Assessment. In the third year a candidate is declared to have passed only if he/she passes all the two theory papers and one practical examination in a single attempt failing which where in the candidate fails in one or more theory papers and /or practical examination he/she will have to re appear for all the two theory papers and the practical examination in the subsequent attempt. b. Subsidiary Subjects: The minimum prescribed marks for a pass in subsidiary subject shall be 35% of the maximum marks prescribed for a subject. The marks obtained in the subsidiary subjects shall be communicated to the University before the commencement of the University examination. 12. Carry over benefit 12.1 First year examination: A candidate who fails in any two of the five main subjects of first year shall be permitted to carry over those subjects to second year. However, he/se must pass the carry over subjects before appearing for second year examination; otherwise he/she shall not permitted to proceed to third year. 12.2. Second year examination. A candidate is permitted to carry over any one main subject to the third year but shall pass this subject before appearing for the third year examination 13. Declaration of Class a. A candidate having appeared in all the subjects in the same examination and passed that examination in the first attempt and secures 75% of marks or more of grand total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination with Distinction. 9 b. A candidate having appeared in all subjects in the same examination and passed that examination in the first attempt and secures 60% of marks or more but less than 75% of grand total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination in First Class. c. A candidate having appeared in all the subjects in the same examination and passed that examination in the first attempt and secures 50% of marks or more but less than 60% of grand total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination in Second Class. d. A candidate passing the university examination in more than one attempt shall be placed in Pass class irrespective of the percentage of marks secured by him/her in the examination. e. The marks obtained by a candidate in the subsidiary subjects shall not be considered for award of Class or Rank. [Please note fraction of marks should not be rounded off clauses (a), (b) and (c)] 14. Eligibility for the award of Degree: A candidate shall have passed in all the subjects of first, second and third year to be eligible for award of degree. 15. Distribution of Type of Questions and Marks for Various Subjects THEORY Type of Questions Essay Type Short Essay Type Short Answers Type No of Questions 3 (2 x 10) 7 (5 x 5) 7 (5 x 3) Marks For Each Questions 10 05 03 SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS = 60 Type of Questions Essay Type Short Essay Type Short Answers Type No of Questions 3 (2 x 10) 8 (6 x 5) 12 (10 x 3) Marks For Each Questions 10 05 03 SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS = 80 Type of Questions Essay Type Short Essay Type Short Answers Type No of Questions 3 (2 x 10) 12 ( 10 x 5) 12 (10 x 3) Marks For Each Questions 10 05 03 SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS = 100 Type of Questions Essay Type Short Essay Type Short Answers Type No of Questions 3 (2 x 10) 5 (3 x 5) 7 (5 x 3) Marks For Each Questions 10 05 03 SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS = 50 10 ANATOMY No. of theory classes : 70 hours No. of practical classes : 20 hours 1. Introduction: human body as a whole Theory: Definition of anatomy and its divisions Terms of location, positions and planes Cell and its organelles Epithelium-definition, classification, describe with examples, function Glands- classification, describe serous & mucous glands with examples Basic tissues - classification with examples Practical: Histology of types of epithelium Histology of serous, mucous & mixed salivary gland 2. Locomotion and support Theory: Cartilage - types with example & histology Bone - Classification, names of bone cells, parts of long bone, microscopy of compact bone, names of all bones, vertebral column, intervertebral disc, fontanelles of fetal skull Joints - Classification of joints with examples, synovial joint (in detail for radiology) Muscular system: Classification of muscular tissue & histology Names of muscles of the body Practical: Histology of the 3 types of cartilage Demo of all bones showing parts, radiographs of normal bones & joints Histology of compact bone (TS & LS) Demonstration of all muscles of the body Histology of skeletal (TS & LS), smooth & cardiac muscle