Course programme
PAPER I RESEARCH METHODOLOGY THEORY AND TECHNIQUES UNIT - I Research: Definition, Importance and Meaning of research, Characteristics of research, Types of Research, Steps in research, Identification, Selection and formulation of research problem, Research questions – Research design – Formulation of Hypo Dissertation, Review of Literature. UNIT – II Sampling techniques: Sampling theory, types of sampling – Steps in sampling – Sampling and Non-sampling error – Sample size – Advantages and limitations of sampling. Collection of Data: Primary Data – Meaning – Data Collection methods – Secondary data – Meaning – Relevances, limitations and cautions. UNIT – III Statistics in Research – Measure of Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis in research, Hypo Dissertation, Fundamentals of Hypo Dissertation testing, Standard Error, Point and Interval estimates, Important Non-Parametric tests: Sign, Run, Kruskal, Wallis tests and Mann, Whitney test. UNIT – IV Para metric tests: Testing of significance, mean, Proportion, Variance and Correlation, testing for Significance of difference between means, proportions, variances and correlation co-efficient. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, One-way and Two-way. UNIT– V Research Report: Types of reports, contents, styles of reporting, Steps in drafting reports, editing the final draft, evaluating the final draft. Reference Books: 1. Statistical Methods - S.P. Gupta 2. Research Methodology Methods and Techniques - C.R. Kothari 3. Statistics (Theory and Practice) - B.N. Gupta 4. Research Methodology Methods and Statistical Techniques - Santosh Gupta PAPER-II PRINCIPLE OF BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT I Living Organism: The molecular logic of Living Organism, Water- properties, Electrolytic dissociation into cations and anions – Henderson – Hasselbalch equation, Proteins – General structural design. Aminoacids and peptides – covalent structure, three – dimensional structure and subunit structure. Fibrous proteins and Globular proteins. Structure and function of Haemoglobin and Myoglobin, Carbohydrates – structure and biological function, Enzymes – classification of enzymes. Specificity of enzyme action. Allosteric enzymes, enzyme inhibition and regulation of enzyme activity. Enzyme kinetics. Factors affecting enzyme activity. Vitamins as Coeznymes. Isoenzymes (LDH), Lipids – Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids. Sterols – prostaglandins. UNIT II Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Cycles & Energy Production: Thermodynamics of cellular reactions. Redox potential, Energy rich compounds and their biological significance,Biological oxidation, Mitochondrial Electron transport, Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, Chemiosmotic theory. Metabolic Cycles and Energy Production: Glycolysis – A central pathway of glucose catabolism, TCA cycle and its significance, Hexosc – Mono-phosphate shunt, Fatty acid oxidation, ketone bodies, ketosis and metabolism of ketone bodies, Glycogenolysis, Glycerol metabolism UNIT III Glycogenesis and Protein Metabolisms: Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, Interrlationship between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, Cholesterol synthesis and degradation. Protein Metabolisms: Deamination, transmination, decarhoxylation, Urea cycle UNIT IV General characteristics of hormones: Chemistry and function of hormones, hormone receptors and hormone action, Hormonal control of cellular metabolism. UNIT V Nucleic acids structure and function: Purine and pyramidine derivatives, Nucleosides, nucleotides and internucleotide linkages, Chemical nature of DNA and RNA, Biological functions of nucleic acids References Books: 1. Biochemistry - L.Stryer 2. Principles of Biochemistry - A.L.Lehninger 3. Concepts in Biochemistry - Conn & Stumpf 4. Principles of Biochemistry - E.L.Smith, R.L.Hill et al Vol. I & II (7th Edn.) 5. Harper’s Biochemistry - Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. & Rodwell, V.W. PAPER-III INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT I Introduction To Industrial Bioprocess: A historical overview of industrial fermentation process – traditional and modern biotechnology. A brief survey of organisms, processes, products relating to modern biotechnology. Process flow sheeting – block diagrams, pictorial representation. UNIT II Production Of Primary Metabolites: A brief outline of processes for the production of some commercially important organic acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid etc.,); amino acids (glutamic acid, phenyalanine, aspartic acid etc.,) and alcohols (ethanol, butanol etc.,) UNIT III Production Of Secondary Metabolites: Study of production processes for various classes of secondary metabolites: antibiotics: beta-lactams (penicillin, cephalosporin etc.), aminoglycosides (streptomycin etc.,) macrolides (erythromycin), vitamins and steroids. UNIT IV Production Of Enzymes And Other Bioproducts: Production of industrial enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases etc., Production of biopesticides, biofertilisers, biopreservatives (Nisin), cheese, biopolymers (xanthan gum, PHB etc.,), single cell protein. UNIT V Production Modern Biotechnology Products: Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic applications, production of vaccines. Production of monoclonal antibodies. Products of plant and animal cell culture References: 1. Wulf Cruger and Anneliese Crueger, “Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology”, Panima Publishing Corporation. 2. Murrey Moo & Young, “Comprehensive Biotechnology”, Pergamon. Casida Jr, L.E., “Industrial Microbiology”, New Age International (P) Ltd. 3. Presscott, Dunn, “Industrial Microbiology”, Agrobios (India). PAPER-IV DISSERTATION