POSTGRADUATE TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR MS OTO-RHINO-LARYGOLOGY

Syllabus

Papers – I
Physiology – Mechanism of perception of smell and taste mechanism of breathing and voice production,
lacrimation, deglutition and salivation. Functional tests of the nose and para nasal sinuses, Mechanism of
cough and sneezing.
Physics of sound, theories of hearing, mechanism of perception of sound and speech production,
physiology of equilibrium & cerebral function. Physiology of brain in connection with hearing, speech,
smell and phonation. Audiologic tests like audiometry, impedance, evoked potentials, OAE, Speech
audiometry.
Physiology of larynx, tracheobronchial tree & oesophagus – Histology of mucous membranes, internal
ear and other associated organs and structure, nose, PNS NPx, Larynx, Tracheo-Bronchial tree,
Lymphoepithetical system. Mechanism of immune system/immunology and genetics.
Anatomy-Embryogenesis of ear, nose and throat including palate and the larynx.
Oesophagus, trachea and lungs, tongue, salivary gland Head & Neck & Skull base etc.
Parapharyngeal spaces in the neck including connective tissue barriers of larynx.
Applied anatomy of the skull bones, accessory sinuses, external, middle and inner ears, nose, PNS,
nasopharynx, meninges, brain, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi, lung, pleurae oesophagus and the
meadiastinum
Anatomy of all cranial nerves with their functions.

Paper II
1- Clinical Methodology as applied to ORL HN diseases in adult & children and the accessory
sinuses, diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases of nose, throat and ear in adult and children.
Prevention and treatment, infectious diseases of Otolaryngology and Head Neck region. Circulatory and
nervous disturbances of the nose, throat and ear and their effects on other organs of the body. Deformities,
injuries sinus infections, polyps and the tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses.
Examination of the ear, deafness and allied diseases, complications of diseases of the ear. Injuries,
tumors, nervous and circulatory neurological disturbances and rehabilitation of the ear. Diagnosis and
treatment of tinnitus and vertigo. Diagnosis rehabilitation of the Hearing handicapped including,
dispensing of hearing aid other vibrotatile aids.
2. Surgical pathology of Otolaryngology and Head Neck region.
3. Basic knowledge of anaesthesia as related to ENT.
4. Examination of diseases of children (Paediatirc ORL) in connection with throat and larynx.
Neurological and vascular disturbances. Congenital and neonatal stridor.
5. Pathology of various diseases of the larynx and throat, tracheo bronchial tree and their causative
organism
6. Indications and various techniques of direct laryngoscopy nasal ensoscopy. Bronchoscopy and
oesophagoscopy, including microlaryngoscopic procedures.
7. Reading of radiograms, scans, audiograms, nystagmograms and tympanograms in connection
with ENT diseases/disorders.
8. Special apparatus for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of ear, nose and throat including
audiometer, BERA, ENG, Speech analyzer etc.

Paper - III
The recent developments in the diagnosis pathogenesis treatments of the ENT diseases.
The knowledge of the frontiers of the oto-laryngology and lateral skull base surgery.
Rhinoplasty, endoscopic sinus surgery and anterior cranial fossa surgery.
Knowledge of LASERS and fiber optics.
Other methods of managing Hearing loss.
Implantable hearing aids cochlear implants
Etiology and Management of sleep apnoea snoring.
Hypophysectomy and optic nerve decompressions.
Immunotherapy and modalities of the gene therapy.
Newer techniques for Radiotherapy including, use of gmma knife for treatment of intracranial tumors and
other malignancy.
Chemotherapy of caner.

Paper – IV (General Surgery Principals & Head Neck Surgery)
General Surgery, Head & Neck oncology, & Medicine as applicable to the ENT disorders/diseases.
Surgery of congenital deformities of nose, ear (Pinna) & trachea/oesophagus etc.
Radiology, Imaging – computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, (MRI) and intervention
radiology and angiography as related to ENT.
General Pathologic aspects such as wound healing and also pathology and Pathogenesis of ENT diseases,
Pharmacology, molecular biology, genetics, cytology, haematology, and immunology as applicable to
otolaryngology.
General Principles of faciomaxillary traumatology and neck injury.
Plastic Surgery as applicable to Otolaryngology.

Course contents (Components of Curriculum):

A. - Anatomy & Physiology of Ear, Nose & Throat, Trachea and esophagus.
- The ears and nasal sinuses in the aerospace environment
- Physiological consideration of pressure effects on the ear and sinuses in deep water diving.
- The generation and reception of speech.
- Radiographic anatomy of the ear, nose, throat and imaging
- Bacteriology in relation to Otorhinolaryngology.
- Allergy and rhinitis.
- The principles of cancer immunology with particular reference to head and neck cancer.
- Principles of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer
- Haematology in relation to Otolaryngology.
- Anaedthesia for Otolaryngology
- Pharmacology of drugs used in ENT
- Electrolyte. fluid balance/shock conditions.
- Use of teaching aids
- Routine blood, urine testing
- Preparation of slides
- Facial nerve stimulation test.
- Audiometry, impedance Audiometry, Free field Audiometry, Specialized tests of hearing
including SISI, Tone decay, ABLB, Speech discrimination score etc.
- Vestibular tests like caloric testing (Water & Air) stopping test, Fukuda’s tests, cranio
corpography recording of nystagmus by ENG and its interpretation.
- Evoked response audiometry.
EAR:
- The physical and functional examination of the ear.
- The functional and physical examination of the vestibular system.
- Tinnitus
- Affections of external ear.
- Repair of deformities of the external ear.
- Congenital conditions of the middle ear cleft.
- Traumatic conductive deafness
- Acute inflammation of the middle ear cleft
- Non-suppurative otitis media
- Chronic suppurative otitis media
- Management of chronic suppurative otitis media
- Complications of infections of middle ear.
- Tumors of the middle ear cleft and temporal bone
- Diseases of the otic ccapsule-otosclerosis
- Diseases of the otic capsule-other disease
- The deaf child
- Traumatic lesions of the inner ear.
- Inflammatory lesions of the vestibular and auditory nerve
- Acoustic neuroma
- Ototoxicity
- Presbycusis
- Vascular lesions of the inner ear
- Diagnosis and management of sudden and fluctuant sensorinerual hearing loss
- Meniere’s disease
- Neurologic aspects of vertigo
- Facial paralysis
- Rehabilitation of adults with acquired
- Hearting loss-Hearing aids
- The cochlear implants
- Nystagmus and Electronystagmography
- Skull base/Neurologic surgery
NOSE: -
- Examination of the nose
- Conditions of the external nose
- Injuries of the facial skeleton
- Cosmetic surgery of the nose
- Congenital diseases of the nose
- The nasal septum
- Foreign bodies in the nose, rhinolith
- Epistaxis
- Acute chronic inflammations of the nasal cavities
- Vasomotor rhinitis-allergic and non-allergic
- Nasal polyposis
- Abnormalities of smell
- Acute sinusitis
- Chronic sinusitis
- Nasal Allergy/Fungal allergic sinusitis
- Complications of acute and chronic sinusitis
- Non healing granuloma of the nose
- Tumors of nose ad sinuses
- Facial pains
- Tramns-ethmoidal hypophysectomy
- Surgery of the pterygo palatine fossa.
- FESS/LASER Surgery
THROAT:
- Methods of examination of the mouth and pharynx
- Diseases of the mouth
- Diseases of the salivary glands
- Pharyngeal lesions associated with general diseases.
- Diseases of the tonsils and adenoids (excluding neoplasms)
- Tumors of the pharynx
- Hypopharyngeal diverticulum (Pharyngeal Pouch)
- Oesophageal conditions in the practice of ear, nose and throat Surgery
- Methods of examining and larynx tracheobronchial tree
- Congenital diseases of the larynx
- Laryngeal disorders in singers and other voice users
- Neurological affections of larynx and pharynx
- Disorders of speech
- Intubation of the larynx and tracheotomy
- Cervical node dissection
- Skin grafts in otolaryngology
- Lower respiratory conditions in Otolaryngology
- Micro laryngeal surgery/thyroplasty
Miscellaneous (Head and Neck)
a) - Functional Anatomy of cerebellum and brainstem
- Cranial nerves
- Raised intracranial tension-causes, diagnosis, and management with particular reference to otitis
hydrocephalus.
- Pituitary gland, anatomy physiology hypo and hyper pituitarism, new growths.
- Intracranial venous sinuses and their affections
b) - Osteology: Skull, mandible cervical and vertebral sternum
- Cervical fascia, facial spaces in neck, retro pharyngeal and parapharyngeal Abscesses
- Anatomy and physiology of thyroid gland, goiter, diseases of the thyroid and carcinoma of
thyroid.
- Anatomy of mediastinum, large blood vessels in neck, thoracic duck development of major
cervical and thoracic blood vessels.
- Pleura, plural cavity, bronchopulmonary segments and their clinical importance
- Facial plastic surgery
- Head and neck reconstructive surgery.
GENERAL:
- Physiology of circulation, regulation of blood pressure, reactions of body to haemorrhage,
pathophysiology of shock, fluid balance, blood transfusion and its hazards, fluid replacement
therapy, burns.
DRUGS USED IN THE ENT:
- Antihistammic
- Nasal vaso constrictors
- Local anaesthetics
- Cortico steroids
- Cyto-toxic agents