Diploma in Ophthalmic Technology in Ocular Physiology

Topics and Details

Visual Acuity -Definition, visual
Angle, Components of Visual acuity,
Factors affecting
Visual Acuity Measurement of Visual acuity,
Contrast sensitivity


Extra ocular Muscles & Ocular
Motility -Physiology of Ocular Motility, Position of
Gaze, Agonists, Synergists, Antagonists, & Yoke
muscles, Herring's Low, Sherrington's Law,
Ocular movements - Monocular Eye movements,
Binocular Eye movements, versions, Vergence,
convergence, divergence.


Eyebrows & Eyelids -Physiology of
eyelid movements, Blinking, Reflex blinking,
Blepharospasm, Bell's Phenomenon.


Corneal Physiology -Biochemical
composition of Cornea, Metabolism
of Cornea,
Corneal transparency, Drug
penetrating across the cornea,


Scleral Physiology -Biochemical Composition,
Corneal lamella versus scleral lamella


Tear Film -Function, Structure,
Physical properties,, Chemical
Composition of tear, tear film
Dynamics, Tear film Abnormalities,
tests for tear film adequacy,
Schirmer's test, BUT, Rose Bengal
Staining, Vital Staining, Fluorescein Staining, Tear
Evaporation Rate, Lacrimation, Epiphora, Jones
dye test, Dacryosytography.


Aqueous humour & Intra Ocular
Pressure- Formation of Aqueous,
Aqueous outflow system,
Maintenance of IOP, Biochemical
Composition of Aqueous humour,
Factors affecting Composition of
Aqueous, Clinical application of
blood -ocular barrier, breakdown of
blood aqueous barrier, circulation &
drainage of aqueous humour,
features of normal IOP, factors affecting
IOP, Measurement of IOP, and
Tonometry


Lens & Accommodation- Biochemical
Composition of Lens, Metabolic Activities
Of Lens, Lens Transparency, Changes in
ageing lens, mechanism of
accommodation, Age related changes in
Accommodation.


Vitreous Humour -Biochemical
Composition, Physiochemical properties,
Blood vitreous barrier


Retina, Visual pathway & Physiology of
Vision, Blood retinal Barrier.
Physiology Of vision Visual perception
Photochemistry of vision- vitamin A,
Visual Pigments, Visual cycle. Electro
physiology of Retina & Visual Pathway-
ERG, EMG, VEP

Pupil -Light Reflex, Pathway of Light
Reflex, near reflex, Pathology of
Convergence reflex, Pathway of
accommodation reflex, Lid Closure
reflex, Pharmacology of the pupil-
Miotics, Mydriatic, Abnormalities of
Pupillary reflexes


Visual Adaptation -Light Minimum, Dark
Adaptation, and Dark Adaptation curve,
Light Adaptation

Colour Vision -Mechanism of Colour
vision, Normal Colour attributes,
Colorblindness

Entoptic Phenomena -Entoptic Visualization of
Opacities in Ocular media, Entoptic phenomena
related with tear film, Cornea, lens & Vitreous.
Entoptic visualization of retinal vessels and
retinal capillary circulation, Haloes.

Physiology of Binocular Vision -Grades of
Binocular vision - SMP, Fusion, Steropsis,
Advantages of Binocular Vision, Corresponding
points &normal retinal
correspondence, Horopter, Physiologic Diplopia,
binocular Fusion, Panum's area,
depth perception, Development of Binocular
Vision, Amblyopia, Abnormal retinal
correspondence.

Ocular Circulation -Structural characteristic of
Ocular vessels.