M.Sc in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology

Unit - I
Thermodynamic principles - I and II laws, - free energy - Metabolism - Types of
metabolism - anabolism and catabolism - metabolic pathway - metabolic principles, pH, pk,
acids, bases, buffers, weak bonds and covalent bonds.
Unit - II
Structure and functions of biomolecules: Carbohydrates - mono, oligo and
polysaccharides. Complex carbohydrates - glycolipids, glycoproteins and peptidoglycans.
Lipids - simple and compound lipids. Proteins - simple and conjugated proteins.
Unit - III
Amino acids: Essential and non essential amino acids. Nucleic acids - purines,
pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides. Nucleoprotein complexes - histones and non
histones.
Unit - IV
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, Pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxalate pathway, electron
transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Fatty acid oxidation - Β-oxidation, peroxisomal
oxidation, oxidation of even chain fatty acid, oxidation of odd chain fatty acid.
Unit - V
Amino acid metabolism - amino acid deamination, Urea cycle, metabolic break down of
individual amino acids. Biosynthesis of amino acid (General account only). Metabolism of
purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Core - II - 13B THE CELL: A MOLECULAR APPROACH
Unit - I
Cells: The principal features of animal, plant and bacterial cells- Prokaryotic cells - Type study
with Bacteria: Cell wall, plasma membrane, mesosome, flagella, pili and ribosomes, matrix and
nucleoid. Sporulation in bacteria. Structural classification and biomedical importance of virus.
Eukaryotic cells: Mammalian Cell types - Typical study with Human cells: Structure and
functions of Nucleus, Nucleolus, Mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, Ribosomes and
Lysosomes.
Unit - II
Membrane Transport: Ionic concentration in cell, ion transport system: Active, passive,
facilitated, simple diffusion, group translocation, antiport, symport, co-translocation of ions with
suitable examples. Ion Channels and their functions. Intracellular Compartments and transport:
Membrane bounded organelles- protein sorting-vesicular transport- secretory pathwaysendocytic
pathway.
Unit - III
Cell Communication: General principles of Cell signaling - types and Mechanisms- Cell surface
receptors - GPCR Molecular structure and functions - Enzyme linked Receptors - Activated
Tyrosine kinase and MAP kinase path-ways. Cell Division: Overview of cell cycle- Mitosis and
Meiosis. Cell Cycle control in mammalian cells - Checkpoint in cell cycle regulation
Unit - IV
Cell biology of Cell aging process and its significance - Molecular Mechanism of Cell death :
Cell necrosis and Apoptosis. CASPASE types and molecular mechanisms- Proapoptotic
regulators. Inhibitors of Apoptosis -Molecular biology of Survivin and Bcl2 family members.
Unit - V
Tumour cells and the onset of cancer- the genetic basis of cancer- Onogenic mutations in growth
promoting proteins- Mutations causing loss of growth - inhibiting and cell cycle controls- the
role of carcinogens of DNA Repair in cancer.
Core - III - 13C INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN CYTOGENETICS
Unit - I
History of Human Chromosome Research - Denver Conference (1940) - Chicago Conference
(1966) - Paris Conference (1971) - Nomenclature of Human Chromosome.
Unit - II
Identification of Human diploid chromosome - peripheral blood cultures - banding techniques -
G-band; Q-band; C-band; R-band - Identification of 23 pairs of Human chromosomes by band
position.
Unit - III
Chromosomal syndromes: Autosomal syndromes - Sex chromosomal syndromes - Structural
chromosomal syndromes.
Unit - IV
Prenatal diagnosis: Chorionic villi sampling - Foetoscopy, Ultrascopy - Amniocentesis. b)
Postnatal diagnosis: Peripheral blood leucocyte culture - Sister Chromatid Exchange - Fragile
site - Mitotic index. c) Genetic Counseling.
Unit - V
Hereditary forms of Cancer - Oncogenes and Cancer - Chromosomes and Cancer - Cancer and the
environment.
Core Practical - I - 13P - BIOCHEMISTRY, THE CELL - A MOLECULAR
APPROACH AND INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN
CYTOGENETICS
BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Estimation of carbohydrates by Anthrone method
2. Estimation of proteins and Lipids
3. Paper chromatography of amino acids
4. Thin Layer Chromatography for Lipid
5. DNA and RNA Estimation
6. SDS - PAGE
THE CELL - A MOLECULAR APPROACH
1. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria from soil and water
2. Determination of bacterial growth curve ( E. coli )
3. Evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity by Kirby - Bauer method
4. Cultivation and enumeration of coli-phage from raw sewage
5. Slides for Mitosis and Meiosis
6. Preparation of medium and cultivation of Human cell lines
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN CYTOGENETICS
1. Problems related to Mendelian laws.
2. Pedigree analysis
3. Peripheral blood leukocyte culture for chromosomal studies
4. Mitotic indices
5. Sister chromatid exchange -determination
6. Micronucleus test
7. Chromosomal disorders-Numerical, Structural
Elective - I - 1EA IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY
Unit - I
Historical perspective, lymphoid organs, lymphocytes. Cells of immune system, T and B cell
activation and maturation, Haematopoiesis, Haematopoitic stem cells, programmed cell death
and necrosis. Immunoglobulins, Class switching, Antigens. The molecular basis of antigen and
antibody interactions. Types of immunity and immune responses.
Unit - II
Cytokines, interleukins, complement system - The classical pathway, alternate pathway and the
membrane attack pathway. Immunostimulation, Immunosupression and its clinical significance,
Immunopotentiation-adjuvants.
Unit - III
MHC gene in man and mouse, Genomic map, gene expression, antigen presentation and
processing by MHC class I and class II molecules. Autoimmuno diseases. Transplantation
Immunology- Tissue typing and organ transplantation. Tumour Immunology. Immunobiology of
HIV infection.
Unit - IV
Immunization - active and passive. Vaccines - whole organism vaccine, synthetic peptide
vaccine, multivalent subunit vaccine, anti idotype vaccine, designer vaccine, edible vaccine,
DNA vaccine, recombinant vector vaccine. Production and applications of monoclonal
antibodies genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies, Abzymes.
Unit - V
Radio Immuno Assay, ELISA, Immunofluoresence technique, immunohistochemistry.
Karyotyping and molecular medicines in cancer therapy. Microarray as a tool for detection of
human genetic disorders.
Supportive - I - 1GS OUTLINES OF IMMUNOLOGY
Unit-I
Immunity - types - Non-specific immunity - External defense mechanism - Internal defense
mechanism - WBCs - Macrophages - Natural killer cells.
Unit-II
Specific immunity - Humoral immunity - Cell mediated immunity - Antigen - Immune memory
- Antibodies - Helper T-cells - Cytotoxic T-cells - Suppressor T-cells - Lymphokines -
Interferon - Interleukin.
Unit-III
Components of blood - Blood cells - Blood platelets - Agglutinogens - Blood plasma - Blood
serum - Fibrinogen - Agglutinins - Blood clotting - ABO-blood groups - Universal donor -
Universal recipient - Rh-factor.
Unit-IV
Autoimmune diseases - Self tolerance - Hypersensitivity - Anaphylacsis - Cytotoxicity -
Allergies - Immunodeficiency - Rejection of transplant - Vaccines.
Unit-V
Immuno-surveillance - Tumour - Cancer -Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, Uterine
cancer - Cirrhosis - Nephrosis - Hepatitis - AIDS.