MD in Respiratory Diseases

Course Content

Clinical Skills
1. Clinical history taking and physical examination ability to analyse symptomatology and physical signs;
interpret their significance and arrive at a diagnosis; case-sheet writing and case presentation.
2. Interpretation of the laboratory data including sputum examination macroscopic and microscopic-
Gram’s stain, AFB, cytology including malignant cells.
3. Interpretation of the pulmonary function studies, ECG, ECHO, skin tests, blood gas analysis, and
other investigations.
4. Interpretation of chest X-ray, CT scan MRI and ultrasonography.
5. Observation of bronchoendoscopic procedures.
6. Oxygen therapy.
7. Nebulization therapy
Practical Skills
A) Skills to perform diagnostic test
1. Sputum and other body fluid examination with Gram’s stain, ZN stain, and malignant cells.
2. FNAC of lymph nodes, lung and mediastinal masses
3. Evaluation of diagnostic tests.
4. Pulmonary function tests
5. Skin tests: Mantoux test, allergen tests
6. BCG vaccination
7. Sleep laboratory studies
8. Blood gas analysis

B) Therapeutic Procedures
1. Aspiration of pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluid.
2. Tube thoracostomy including management of pneumothorax.
3. Postural drainage
4. Respiratory muscle exercise.
5. Pleural biopsy.
6. Bronchoscopy-aspiration and lavage and biopsy.
Medical Emergency Management
1. Management of acute asthma, pneumothorax, hemothorax, acute exacerbation of COPD, hemoptysis.
2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
3. Endotracheal intubations
4. Management of acute respiratory failure and ARDS

1. Theoretical Knowledge
2. Clinical Skills
3. Practical skills
4. Management of Medical Emergencies
5. Preparation of a dissertation
Unit
1. Historical Perspectives
2. Lung Functions
a. AnatomyAnatomy of respiratory system Functional design of the lung for gas exchange.
Respiratory muscles
Development and growth of the lung
Bronchopulmonary anatomy
Blood supply, lymphatics and nerve supply
Surfactant and associated proteins
Non-respiratory function of the lungs
b. Physiology
Pulmonary mechanics
Respiration and its control ventilation, perfusion, Diffusion Assessment of pulmonary function.
Blood gas transport
Inhalation kinetics and its implication in aerosol therapy Aterical blood gases.
Acid-Base Balance.
C. Lungs in different Physiological states
Sleep
Exercise
Pregnancy
Ageing
d. Lung immunology
Pulmonary defense
Lymphocytes & Macrophages in inflammation
Mast cells and eosinophils
Mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions
e. Lung injury and repair
Cytokines & Chemokines
Nitric oxide
Inflammatory reactions
Reactions to acute and chronic injury
Pulmonary fibrosis
3. Clinical features
a. Symptomatology: Breathlessness, Cough, Haemoptysis, chest pain
b. Physical signs
c. Dermatological manifestations of lung diseases.
d. Pulmonary-systemic interactions
e. Pulmonary-renal syndrome
f. Pulmonary complications of pancreatitis and liver diseases.
g. Menstruation-related respiratory diseases.
4. Diagnosis procedures
a. Sputum examination
b. Culture
c. Radiographic and imaging students. CT, MRI ultrasinography
d. Pulmonary function studies and their interpretations in determining
the disability.
e. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing
f. Blood gas analysis
h. Bronchoscopy, Bronchial lavage, Biopsy.
I. Transthoracic needle aspiration and biopsy
j. Pleural fluid studies
k. Thoracoscopy
l. Pulmonary scintigraphy
m. Pulmonary arteriography
n. Skin test: tuberculin, allergen
o. Bronchoprovocation tests
p. ECG and ECHO studies
q. Mediastinscopy and VAT
5. Epidemiology
Epidemiological terms
Epidemiological techniques
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, Bronchial asthma COPD and lung cancer
National Tuberculosis Control Programme and RNTCP
Research methods and study designs cohort, case control, randomized Clinical trials, observative
and cross-sectional studies.
Common statistical methods for analysis of research