Vibration Analysis 1- (Diploma-Postgraduate)

Course Contents, Concepts and Issues

Module 1: Vibration Analysis (Fundamentals)

Introduction to vibration

Defining Vibration Analysis

Typical Vibration Instruments.

Motion - R.M.S. Technique

Vibration Amplitude Measurement

Peak Vibration

Peak to Peak Vibration Measurement

Displacement, velocity and acceleration

Units and unit conversion

Spectrum analysis

FFT spectrum Analyzer Technology

Frequency Vibration

Natural Frequency

Generated frequency

Resonant frequency

Basic forcing frequency calculations

Module 2: Fundamental Vibration Analysis Concepts and Issues

Defining Mass and its units of measurement

Use of vibration in evaluating machinery condition

The concept of velocity

The concept of frequency

Exploring time waveform phase

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) Techniques

Exploiting Displacement

Defining Speed

Deducing Acceleration

Detecting High Vibration

Sensor Variations

Analogue Instrumentation - Shortcomings

Digital Technology - Advantages

Vibration alarms

Spectral band alarms

Module 3: Effecting an Enhanced Maintenance Programme

Basic fault identification

Vibratory fault characteristics and patterns

Overall level measurements

Mechanical analysis

Harmonic measurements

Harmonic distortion measurement

Alarm limits, trending and exception reports

Preventive Maintenance

Predictive Maintenance

Reliability-centered Maintenance Programmed (RCM)

Fault diagnosis - Common electric motor faults

Fault diagnosis - Common pump, fan and compressor faults

Fault diagnosis - Rolling element bearing wear

Fault diagnosis - Imbalance,

Fault diagnosis - misalignment,

Fault diagnosis - looseness,

Fault diagnosis - eccentricity,

Fault diagnosis - resonance

Fault diagnosis - bearings Defects

Fault diagnosis - gears Defects,

Fault diagnosis - belts Defects

Common belt drive and gearbox faults

Electric Motors Defects

Detection Of Electrical Problem Within Induction Motors

Module 4: Instrumentation and Condition Monitoring

Rotating Equipment Types

Rotating Equipment Applications

Rolling Element Bearings

Journal Bearings

Equipment Failure Modes

Condition Monitoring Technologies

Condition Monitoring Technologies - Vibration

Condition Monitoring Technologies - Oil

Condition Monitoring Technologies - Emission

Condition Monitoring Technologies - Electric motor testing

Condition Monitoring Technologies - Wear particle

Condition Monitoring Technologies - Infrared

Condition Monitoring Technologies – Acoustic

Module 5: Data Acquisition Techniques

Instrumentation

Transducers and transducer mounting

Measurement point naming conventions

Routes surveys

Loading and unloading the route

Data collection

Following a route

Repeatable data collection

Test procedures

Observations: best utilizing your time in the field

Recognizing bad data

Module 6: Fundamentals of Machinery Vibration

Key Concepts – Mass,

The concept of Stiffness

Mechanical Resonance

Conceptualizing Damping

Un-damped Free Vibration

Damped Free Vibration

Damped Force Vibration

Lateral Vibration Characteristics

Rigid - Body Vibrations

Flexible Shaft Vibrations

Mode Shapes and Critical Speeds of General Motor Bearing Systems

Module 7: Deconstructing Bearings

Journal and Thrust Bearings

Types of Fluid Film Bearings

Selection of Bearing Type

Selection of Bearing Dimensions

Self-acting Thrust Bearings

Design Data for Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings

Calculated Thrust Bearing Stiffness & Damping

Ball Bearings

Bearing Design Factors

Fatigue Life

Bearing Lubrication

Dynamics of Ball Bearings

Rotor Bearing System Dynamics

Spring and Damping Coefficient

Rotor Response Analysis

Rotor Dynamics For a Typical Machine

Rotor response to Various Forces

Type of Forces

Response to Unbalance

Response to Other Forces

Rotor Bearing System Instability

Dynamic Instability in Rigid-Body Systems

Complicating Factors

Control of Rotor Instability

Module 8: Bearings and Vibration, and Rotor and Shaft Balancing

Bearings Vibration Analysis

Analytical methods for calculating vibration amplitudes

Troubleshooting analysis

Diagnostic procedures

Machinery faults and vibration frequencies

Vibration at running speed

Shaft surface defects and proximity probe readings

Vibration amplitude jump phenomenon

Beating of two adjacent frequencies

Harmonics

Sub-synchronous vibrations

Modulation

Vibration of ball and roller bearings

Rotor and Shaft Balancing

Balancing of Rotors and Shafts

Single Plane Balancing

Balancing in a Commercial Balance Machine

In place Rotor and Shaft Balancing

Module 9: Vibration Data Analysis, Interpretation and Problem Resolution

Acquiring data to define the problem

Long-term history of machine

Field measurement data acquisition

Field measurement data assessment

Field measurement data interpretation

Torsional Vibration Modeling

Sources of Torsional Excitation

Transient Response

Damping

Interpretation of Analysis

Module 10: Forcing Frequencies, Sonar, Acoustic and Seismic

Using units of orders instead of Hz or CPM.

Calculating forcing frequencies

Identifying shaft speed

Blade and vane passing frequencies,

Bearing frequencies,

Gear mesh frequencies

Gear and belt driven machines (multiple shafts with different turning speeds)

Parametrically Excited Surface Waves

Normal Form Symmetries

Linear measurement Instruments

Seismic or acoustic emission

Acoustic measurement Instrument

3D Seismic Surveys

4D Seismic Mapping